Louts gatiimann



(No Model.)

L. GATHMANN.

SHIPS COMPASS.

Patented Aug. 10, 1897.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS GATIIMANN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE \VHITMANMOMULLEN, OF PIOTON, CANADA.

SHlPS COMPASS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 587,954, dated August10, 1897.

Application filed March 17, 1896. Serial No. 583,539. (No model.)

To all whom, it may mmoern. ally mounted upon the support A is a com- Beit known that I, LOUIS GATHMANN, of pass-tube C, which is shown insection in Fig. Chicago, Illinois, have invented certain new 1 and hasan oifset portion D, forming a chamand useful Improvements in ShipsComber E, to contain the compass F. In con- 55 5 passes, of which thefollowing is a specificavenient proximity to the compass is the lighttion. I G, and across the top of the tube is arranged The object of myinvention is to obtain the reflector H, by means of which the image froma compass the greatest possible efiiis reflected through the tube 0 andis obciency and accuracy. With this end in view served by the aid of thetelescope I, arranged 6o 10 I mount the compasses so as to secure arelawithin the bore of the tube and provided tive freedom from localmagnetic influences with a prism J and an eyepiece K. The chief in suchmanner that they shall maintain the use of the telescope is to magnifythe image, upright position regardless of the pitching or so as torender the compass-card easily read, rolling of the vessel, whereby thecompass is and its form and construction may vary coni5 relieved fromexcessive motion and consesiderably. I prefer to mount the compass inquent rapid wear of its delicate parts, and, the described relation tothe tube and to emtherefore, a steadier compass-card than has ploy inconnection therewith the light and heretofore been obtained is assured.reflector, as thereby a compass of known con- In carrying out myinvention I mount the struction may be employed without substan- 7o 20compass in an elevated position, preferably tialchange, and thelightandreflectingmeans in the upper end of a hollow tube or mast, andafford facilities for reading the compass at provide the tube in thepreferred construcall times of the day or night. tion with an ofisetportion or lateral cham- As "shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the compassber inwhich the compass is located and with tube has a trunnion or journal Lmounted in 2 5 a reflector above the chamber and locate in the upperportion of the standard A, and the the lower portion of the tube atelescope. I lower end of the tube has a weighted extenalso arrange alight in proximity to the comsion M, which tends to preserve the tube inpass. a perpendicular position at all times. In Fig.

AsafurtherimprovementI pivotally mount 3 the standard or post A is showninclining 0 this tube containing the telescope upon a from theverticalas, for example, wherethe suitable standard or support rigidwith the ship rolls-and as the chief movements to be vessel andcounterbalance the weight of the provided against are the side movementsI tube, whereby to maintain it in an upright have shown the tube mountedto rock in one or perpendicular position, and therefore in directiononly, but obviously the pivotL may 3 5 proper alinement with theobservation-point be a ball or universal joint, so as to permit at alltimes, thus insuring the proper action the compass-tube to maintain avertical posiof the compass and protecting it from injury tionnotwithstanding the rolling, pitching, or which would result fromexcessive motion. plunging of the vessel. The tube 0 should In theaccompanying drawings, Figure lis be of such length as to carry thecompass in 0 40 a sectional view through the tube, telescope, anelevated position, where it will be out of and compass. Fig. 2isasideelevation showthe magnetic influence of the masses of iron ing thecompass-tube pivotallymounted; and at or below the dock, and my improvedcom- Fig. 3 is a view at right angles to Fig. 1, pass mounted asdescribed maybe employed showing the relative positions of thecompassupon all classes of vessels. 5 tube and its support in a rollingor pitching In some instances the telescope maybe dismovement of thevessel. pensed with-as, for example, upon wooden Referring to thedrawings, let A represent ships, where the magnetic influence of large astandard or support which may be rigidly masses of iron is absent. Onsuch ships my mounted upon the deck of a vessel and of swingingcompass-support may be used, and

50 such height as will reach above the bridge 13 the compass will belocated in position to be and preferably in proximity thereto.Pivotobserved by the officer on the bridge, while the mounting of shipscompasses, which com-' prises, in combination, a tube pivotally mountedupon a rigid support, a compass mounted out of the line of sight of saidtube, means for reflecting the image of the compass along said line ofsight, an eyepiece connected to said tube at its pivotal point, andmeans for deflecting the image from the line of sight of the tubethrough the eyepiece.

3. The herein-described improvement in mounting ships compasses,comprising in combination a tube having a telescope located in the lowerportion thereof, a lateral.

offset portion at its upper end forming a chamber, a compass mounted insaid chamber and a reflector extending above the compass and the upperend of the tube, substan-- tially as described.

4:. The herein-described improvement in mounting ships compasses,comprising in combination'a tube having a telescope located in the lowerportion thereof, a lateral ofiset portion at its upper end forming achamber, a compass mounted in said chamber, a reflector extending abovethe compass and the upper end of the tube, and a light adjacent to thecompass, substantially as described.

5. The herein-described improvement in mounting-ships compasses,comprising, in combination, a-tube having a lateral offset portionforming a chamber, acompass mounted therein, a lamp arranged to lightthe compass, a reflector over the chamber and the end of the tube, and ashadebetween the lamp and said reflector. V

LOUIS GATHMANN. lVitnesses O. O. LINTHICUM, N. M. BOND.

